I’m not a zebra hunter by nature. I see them here and there, but in a general practice the odds of finding them are pretty low. If I can’t solve the case, I refer to the more accomplished zebrologists at the tertiary centers.
That’s not to say I don’t look for them as best I can. Sometimes you get the vaguest hint you’re dealing with the unusual. Maybe because you’ve seen it before, or something the patient said triggered a distant memory from training.
One problem (among many) in diagnosing a zebra is time. It takes time to draw out a complex history and do an exam. There’s also time needed for the first, second, third … and later rounds of tests to come back, as well as time at appointments to note new symptoms, ask further questions, and discuss a diagnosis and plan. And, sometimes, you need time just to follow patients and see how their symptoms change.
Unfortunately, in medicine these days time is usually what you don’t have. Doctors are always under pressure to see a lot of patients and don’t have time to sort through the complex ones. This gets even worse for those employed by a health care system, when they may be working under quota requirements. After all, you can see four to five horses in the time needed for one zebra. And they pay about the same.
In solo practice, I don’t have quite the time constraints of an employed doctor meeting set numbers, but I still have the financial ones. I get the luxury of setting the schedule to give me more minutes when I know they’ll be needed, but at the back end it still comes with a financial penalty.
All of this makes it harder to find the zebras. They’re difficult enough to see as it is, and the financial pressure to shorten visits can keep even thorough docs from getting the whole story or turning over the case mentally. As one of my residency teachers (not Yogi Berra) said of differential diagnoses, “If you don’t think of it, you don’t think of it.”
Sadly, the nature of modern medicine is that it limits your ability to think of it, making it harder than ever to find the zebras in the herd.
Dr. Block has a solo neurology practice in Scottsdale, Ariz.
