If you work on the front lines of medical care treating patients with hepatitis, you may not have time to review all the hepatitis research that enters the medical literature every month. Here’s a quick look at some notable news items and journal articles published over the past month covering a variety of the major hepatitis viruses.
Elderly patients with chronic hepatitis C disease are more likely to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than younger patients, but they have traditionally received less antiviral treatment than younger patients , according to a study in the Journal of Viral Hepatitis. However, receipt of curative treatment is associated with a benefit in reducing cirrhosis, HCC, and overall mortality, irrespective of age, investigators said.
A report in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report from the Texas Department of State Health Services detailed how the agency dealt with a health care–associated hepatitis A outbreak in August 2015.
Researchers at McGill University in Montreal have developed a portable, paper-based electrochemical platform with multiplexing and telemedicine capabilities that may enable low-cost, point-of-care diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV co-infections within serum samples.
A study of patients at a gastroenterology clinic in Cameroon found that almost 40% of patients who were anti-hepatitis C virus antibody-positive were also asymptomatic , and some already presented with complications, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The authors highlighted an urgent need to put in place programs to increase awareness and diagnosis of HCV infection in the country.
Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis and fractures among HIV-infected patients , even before the development of cirrhosis, according to a review of epidemiologic studies.
Quantitative maternal surface antigen (HBsAg) predicts hepatitis B virus infection in infants as well as maternal viral load does , according to a study in Hepatology. The authors conclude that antiviral therapy may be considered in pregnant women with an HBsAg level above 4-4.5 log10 IU/mL to interrupt mother-to-infant transmission.
A comprehensive literature review of cited WHO estimates for hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV, and HIV co-infection between 2010 and 2014 showed that a wide range of co-infection estimates have been quoted using different WHO estimates . The authors detail the most recent, appropriate WHO estimates that should be used going forward.
A Chinese cohort study found that isolated anti-HBc–positive subjects can achieve good immune responses after hepatitis B vaccination , and the positive seroprotection rate and geometric mean titer (GMT) level for anti-HBs were lower than in a control group. Better responses were observed in young adults, the study authors said, and significant negative correlations were found between GMT of anti-HBc before vaccination and GMT of anti-HBs after vaccination.
New research indicates that evidence of long-lasting cellular immunity, regardless of anti-hepatitis B surface antigen level , suggests that protection afforded by primary immunization with plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine during childhood and adulthood lasts at least 32 years.
Increased knowledge of hepatitis B cognition is an effective way for improving hepatitis B vaccination behavior and hepatitis B vaccination willingness of migrant workers , report the authors of a study in Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. The researchers also found that health intervention policies should focus on older migrants (age at least 46 years) without medical insurance, with poorer self-reported health status, and poor health services accessibility.
Hepatitis B virus antibodies and galactomannan enzyme immunoassay (GM-EIA) positivity are common in patients receiving intravenous immunoglobulin and may confound diagnostic results, according to a study in Clinical Infectious Diseases.
Researchers in Niger have identified two recombinant hepatitis B virus forms and rare genotypic patterns that may affect hepatitis B surface antigen antigenicity and improve current knowledge of epidemiological, clinical, and virological patterns of hepatitis B in that country.
As viral hepatitis can be life threatening in patients with hematological malignancy, a new study suggests that all patients should be screened for hepatotropic viruses before hematological treatment , and that patients or hemopoietic stem cell donors with markers of past or current viral hepatitis should be assessed by an expert. The study also includes screening, vaccination, and treatment rules.
A study published in JAIDS suggests that lamivudine (3TC) monotherapy-based combination antiretroviral therapy is efficacious for hepatitis B virus treatment through 48 weeks in HIV/HBV coinfection, when baseline HBV DNA is less than 20,000 IU/mL.
Chinese researchers observed a significant elevation in CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Treg) in the peripheral blood of chronic hepatitis C patients, compared with healthy donors, in a study published in the International Journal of Infectious Diseases. The results demonstrate a decreasing trend in activated Treg cells after treatment with interferon alpha and ribavirin in vitro, the investigators also said.
Research published in Hepatology suggests hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) and its precursors promote HDM2-mediated degradation and impair the transcriptional activity of tumor suppressor p53 via interacting with the NUMB gene, consequently contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma development.
A systematic review of recent hepatitis B vaccine research highlighted the importance of introducing HBV vaccination not only for an infant universal vaccination program, but also for other settings in which patients are affected by communicable and noncommunicable diseases.
A “real-world” cohort study of 4,365 genotype 1 treatment-naïve hepatitis C virus–infected veterans treated with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin found that sustained virologic response (SVR) rates in the cohort nearly matched the SVR rates reported in clinical trials and were consistently high across all subgroups. Investigators found that noncirrhotics with HCV RNA less than 6,000,000 IU/mL were less likely to achieve SVR with 8 weeks, compared with 12 weeks of therapy, although the numeric difference in SVR rates was small.
A study in the Journal of Viral Hepatitis demonstrated that the DC-targeting protein has the ability to improve the immunogenicity and the antiviral activity of the hepatitis B DNA vaccine pSVK-HBVA, and that the DC-targeting protein can be a potential method for the delivery of DNA vaccines directly to DCs.
rpizzi@frontlinemedcom.com On Twitter @richpizzi
